LIST OF SOME LITERARY MOVEMENT

LIST OF SOME LITERARY MOVEMENTS

Amatory Fiction

🟤 Romantic fiction written in the 18th and 19th centuries.

🟤 Notable authors: Eliza Haywood, Delarivier Manley.

Cavalier Poets

🟤 17th century English royalist poets, writing primarily about courtly love, called Sons of Ben (after Ben Jonson).

🟤 Notable authors: Richard Lovelace, William Davenant.

Metaphysical Poets

🟤 17th century English movement using extended conceit, often (though not always) about religion.

🟤 Notable authors: John Donne, George Herbert, Andrew Marvell.

The Augustans

🟤 An 18th century literary movement based chiefly on classical ideals, satire and skepticism.

🟤 Notable authors: Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift.

Romanticism

🟤 1800 to 1860 century movement emphasizing emotion and imagination, rather than logic and scientific thought. Response to The Enlightenment.

🟤 Notable authors: Victor Hugo, Lord Byron and Camilo Castelo Branco.

Gothic novel

🟤 Fiction in which Romantic ideals are combined with an interest in the supernatural and in violence.

🟤 Notable authors: Ann Radcliffe, Bram Stoker.

Lake Poets:

🟤 A group of Romantic poets from the English Lake District who wrote about nature and the sublime.

🟤 Notable authors: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

American Romanticism

🟤 Distinct from European Romanticism, the American form emerged somewhat later, was based more in fiction than in poetry, and incorporated a (sometimes almost suffocating) awareness of history, particularly the darkest aspects of American history.

🟤 Notable authors: Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Pre-Raphaelites

🟤 19th century, primarily English movement based ostensibly on undoing innovations by the painter Raphael. Many were both painters and poets.

🟤 Notable authors: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Christina Rossetti.

Transcendentalism

🟤 19th century American movement: poetry and philosophy concerned with self-reliance, independence from modern technology.

🟤 Notable authors: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.

Dark romanticism

🟤 19th century American movement in reaction to Transcendentalism. Finds man inherently sinful and self-destructive and nature a dark, mysterious force.

🟤 Notable authors: Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, George Lippard.

Realism:

🟤 Late-19th century movement based on a simplification of style and image and an interest in poverty and everyday concerns.

🟤 Notable authors: Gustave Flaubert, William Dean Howells, Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Leo Tolstoy, Frank Norris and Eça de Queiroz.

Naturalism

🟤 Also late 19th century. Proponents of this movement believe heredity and environment control people.

🟤 Notable authors: Émile Zola, Stephen Crane.

Symbolism

🟤 Principally French movement of the fin de siècle based on the structure of thought rather than poetic form or image; influential for English language poets from Edgar Allan Poe to James Merrill.

🟤 Notable authors: Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Valéry.

Stream of Consciousness

🟤 Early-20th century fiction consisting of literary representations of quotidian thought, without authorial presence.

🟤 Notable authors: Virginia Woolf, James Joyce.

Modernism

🟤 Variegated movement of the early 20th century, encompassing primitivism, formal innovation, or reaction to science and technology.

🟤 Notable authors: Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, H.D., James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Fernando Pessoa

The Lost Generation

🟤 It was traditionally attributed to Gertrude Stein and was then popularized by Ernest Hemingway in the epigraph to his novel The Sun Also Rises, and his memoir A Moveable Feast. It refers to a group of American literary notables who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe from the time period which saw the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression.

🟤 Notable Authors: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound.