1️⃣1️⃣ THE MONTHLY MIRROR was an English literary periodical, published from 1795 to 1811, founded by Thomas Bellamy, and later jointly owned by Thomas Hill and John Litchfield. It was published by Vernor & Hood from the second half of 1798. The Mirror concentrated on theatre, in London and the provinces. The first editor for Hill was Edward Du Bois. From 1812 it was merged into the Theatrical Inquisitor.
1️⃣2️⃣ THE WATCHMAN was a short-lived periodical established and edited by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1796. The first number was promised for 5 February 1796 but actually appeared on 1 March. Published by Coleridge himself, it was printed at Bristol by Nathaniel Biggs, and appeared every eight days to avoid tax. Publication ceased with the tenth number (published 13 May 1796). The publication contained essays, poems, news stories, reports on Parliamentary debates, and book reviews.
The volumes all contain explicitly political material such as the ‘Introductory Essay’, (a history of ‘the diffusion of truth’); the ‘Essay on Fasts’, (attacking the alliance of church and state power); two anti-Godwinian items, ‘Modern Patriotism’ and ‘To Gaius Gracchus’; ‘To the Editor of the Watchman’ (reporting the trials of friends of freedom John Gale Jones and John Binns); and an extract from Coleridge’s lecture ‘On the Slave Trade’.
1️⃣3️⃣ THE ACADEMY a periodical founded in 1869 as 'a monthly
record of literature, learning, science, and art' by a
young Oxford don, Charles Edward Cutts Birch
Appleton (1841-79), who edited it until his death,
converting it in 1871 into a fortnightly and in 1874 into
a weekly review. It included M. * Arnold, T. H. *Huxley,
M. *Pattison, and the classical scholar John Conington
(1825-69) among its early contributors. In 1896 it came
under the control of Pearl Craigie ('J. O. *Hobbes'); she
employed as editor C. Lewis Hind, who gave it a more
popular colouring. After various vicissitudes and
changes of title the Academy disappeared in the 1920s. Against the prevailing custom of anonymous authorship, The Academy provided the full names of its writers. In its early years, the reviewers included Edmund Gosse, George Saintsbury, and Henry Sidgwick. As a general rule, The Academy did not publish signed reviews. The Academy moved from a Liberal to a Conservative position under Lord Alfred Douglas, who was aided by T.W.H. Crosland. "Douglas and Crosland between them succeed in making The Academy the most candid, most readable, and most admirable literary paper in the United Kingdom". The magazine closed in 1915. Crosland briefly revived the title as a monthly in 1916 with himself as editor and sole contributor.
1️⃣4️⃣ BENTLEY'S MAGAZINE as an English literary magazine started by Richard Bentley. It was published between 1836 and 1868. Already a successful publisher of novels, Bentley began the journal in 1836 and invited Charles Dickens to be its first editor. Dickens serialised his second novel Oliver Twist, but soon fell out with Bentley over editorial control, calling him a "Burlington Street Brigand". He quit as editor in 1839 and William Harrison Ainsworth took over. Ainsworth would also only stay in the job for three years, but bought the magazine from Bentley a decade later. In 1868 Ainsworth sold the magazine back to Bentley, who merged it with the Temple Bar Magazine.
Aside from the works of Dickens and Ainsworth other significant authors published in the magazine included: Wilkie Collins, Catharine Sedgwick, Richard Brinsley Peake, Thomas Moore, Thomas Love Peacock, William Mudford, Mrs Henry Wood, Charles Robert Forrester (sometimes under the pseudonym Hal Willis), Frances Minto Elliot, Isabella Frances Romer, The Ingoldsby Legends and some of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories. It published drawings by the caricaturist George Cruikshank, and was the first publication to publish cartoons by John Leech, who became a prominent Punch cartoonist.
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